Introitus
Ps. 111, 9
annotation: 3;
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(c4) DIS(g)pér(gjHG'j)sit,(j.) *(,) de(jjj_h)dit(h_g) pau(hj~)pé(jv.jjj)ri(gh_G'_3FE'f)bus :(fe..) (:) iu(f)stí(ef!gvFE'fg'h)ti(g)a(g) e(ixg!jjh//fh/ig)ius(g.) (;) ma(ixhg/hiG'F)net(g) in(h) saé(h/jjj)cu(h)lum(gh~) saé(h)cu(h.f!gwhgh)li :(hg..) (:) cor(jv.jjj)nu(hg) e(hi)ius(g.h!iw!jvIH'ijgg/efe.) (;) ex(f)al(f)tá(ef'h)bi(h)tur(h!iwj) in(g) gló(ghG'E)ri(fgF'E)a.(e.) (::) <i>Ps.</i> Be(g)á(hj)tus(j) vir(j) qui(j) ti(k)met(j) Dó(j)mi(ih)num :(jjj) *(:) in(ig~) man(hj)dá(j)tis(j) e(j)jus(jji) vo(hg)let(h') ni(i)mis.(gh..) (::) Gló(g)ri(hj)a(j) Pa(j)tri.(j) (::) E(j) u(jji) o(hg) u(h') a(i) e.(gh..) (::)
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(c4) DIS(g)pér(gjHG'j)sit,(j.) *(,) de(jjj_h)dit(h_g) pau(hj~)pé(jv.jjj)ri(gh_G'_3FE'f)bus :(fe..) (:) iu(f)stí(ef!gvFE'fg'h)ti(g)a(g) e(ixg!jjh//fh/ig)ius(g.) (;) ma(ixhg/hiG'F)net(g) in(h) saé(h/jjj)cu(h)lum(gh~) saé(h)cu(h.f!gwhgh)li :(hg..) (:) cor(jv.jjj)nu(hg) e(hi)ius(g.h!iw!jvIH'ijgg/efe.) (;) ex(f)al(f)tá(ef'h)bi(h)tur(h!iwj) in(g) gló(ghG'E)ri(fgF'E)a.(e.) (::) <i>Ps.</i> Be(g)á(hj)tus(j) vir(j) qui(j) ti(k)met(j) Dó(j)mi(ih)num :(jjj) *(:) in(ig~) man(hj)dá(j)tis(j) e(j)jus(jji) vo(hg)let(h') ni(i)mis.(gh..) (::) Gló(g)ri(hj)a(j) Pa(j)tri.(j) (::) E(j) u(jji) o(hg) u(h') a(i) e.(gh..) (::)
DISPÉRSIT, dedit paupéribus: iustítia eius manet in sǽculum sǽculi: cornu eius exaltábitur in glória. Ps. ibid., 1 Beátus vir, qui timet Dóminum: in mandátis eius cupit nimis. v. Glória Patri.
XII
(c4) KY(g')ri(h)e(igkvJI'HG.) *(,) e(hg)lé(hih')i(h)son.(g.) <i>bis.</i>(::)
Chri(g)ste(gegvFED.) e(f)lé(e')i(f)son.(g.) <i>bis.</i>(::)
Ký(g')ri(h)e(igkvJI'HG.) (,) e(hg)lé(hih')i(h)son.(g.) (::)
Ký(g')ri(h)e(igkvJI'HG'gegvFED.) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*() e(f)lé(e')i(f)son.(g.) (::)
Chri(g)ste(gegvFED.) e(f)lé(e')i(f)son.(g.) <i>bis.</i>(::)
Ký(g')ri(h)e(igkvJI'HG.) (,) e(hg)lé(hih')i(h)son.(g.) (::)
Ký(g')ri(h)e(igkvJI'HG'gegvFED.) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*() e(f)lé(e')i(f)son.(g.) (::)
Collecta
Deus, a quo bona et iusta procédunt, beátum Yvónem presbyterum iúdicem inter fratres et páuperum exí mium amatórem effecísti, † da nobis eius intercessióne, ut iustítiam strénue sectántes, * tui erga hómines amóris partem habeámus. Per Dóminum.
Lectio I
Léctio Actuum Apostolórum (13,46-49)
In diebus illis: Paulus et Bárnabas dixérunt Iudaéis: “Vóbis oportébat primum loqui verbum Dei; sed quóniam repéllitis illud et indígnos vos iudicátis ætérnæ vitæ, ecce convértimur ad gentes. Sic enim præcépit nobis Dóminus: ‘Pósui te in lumen géntium, ut sis in salútem usque ad extrémum terræ.’” Audiéntes autem gentes gaudébant et glorificábant verbum Dómini, et credidérunt, quotquot erant præordináti ad vitam ætérnam; ferebátur autem verbum Dómini per univérsam regiónem.
Verbum Dómini. r. Deo grátias.
Word of the Lord. r. Let us give thanks to God.
Vel, de tempore:
Or, time:
Lectio I
Léctio Actuum Apostolórum (28,16-20.30-31)
Cum introissémus Romam, permíssum est Paulo manére síbimet cum custodiénte se mílite. Factum est autem, ut post tértium diem convocáret primos Iudæórum; cumque conveníssent dicébat eis: “Ego, viri fratres, nihil advérsus plebem fáciens aut mores patérnos, vinctus ab Hierosólymis tráditus sum in manus Romanórum, qui cum interrogatiónem de me habuíssent, volébant dimíttere, eo quod nulla causa esset mortis in me;contradicéntibus autem Iudǽis, coáctus sum appelláre Cǽsarem, non quasi gentem meam habens áliquid accusáre. Propter hanc ígitur causam rogávi vos vidére et allóqui; propter spem enim Israel caténa hac circúmdatus sum.” Mansit autem biénnio toto in suo condúcto; et suscipiébat omnes, qui ingrediebántur ad eum prǽdicans Regnum Dei et docens quæ sunt de Dómino lesu Christo cum omni fidúcia sine prohibitióne.
Verbum Dómini. r. Deo grátias.
Word of the Lord. r. Let us give thanks to God.
Graduale
Ps. 40, 5 et 2
annotation: 5;
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(c4) E(ffg)go(f) *() di(f)xi :(fV_{ix}e/g!hwi) Dó(g_[oh:h]f)mi(gf)ne,(fg) (,) (d!ff/ge'/fgd'/e[ll:1]ddc.) (;) mi(f)se(fdf)ré(fdf/efd'/ec)re(d.) me(fg)i :(ghg___//jjh/jggf.0) (:) sa(f)na(g) á(h)ni(gf)mam(gf//gh!jjvH'G) me(hg/hff'gf)am,(fg) (,) (d!ff/ge'/fgd'/e[ll:1]ddc.) (:) quó(f)ni(fd)am(f) pec(ghg)cá(h)vi(ixhgiHG.) (`) ti(gf/hgh)bi.(hf) (,) (gh!jvvH'G//h!iwj/kjj/hih.) (;) (fg/h!jj/klijh.ixgiHF.1) (z0::c3) v/. Be(d)á(df!hh/ijh)tus(h.) (,) qui(h_g) in(i!jwk)tél(i_[oh:h]h)li(h)git(hvv//i_[oh:h]h//jvIH'Ghf..) (;) su(hh)per(h) e(h)gé(ih/ij_h ih/ij_ij//hi/jij)num(jh/jkihhf.) (,) et(f) páu(hf/hhh)pe(h)rem :(h.f!gwh!iv.hi/jhh/iih.0) (:) in(hh) di(h)e(hi) ma(ivH'GE//fhGEfh..)(,)(gi!jvHF)la(fhF'Efhhf//hvvGF'hee[ll:1]d.0) (:) li(d)be(ef)rá(f)bit(f) e(f.0/[-0.5]hvGF'g)um(ef) *() Dó(hf)mi(hi)nus.(i_[uh:l]jH'Ghi..) (,) (ef'hh'jIH'GF'gwhf.1) (::)
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(c4) E(ffg)go(f) *() di(f)xi :(fV_{ix}e/g!hwi) Dó(g_[oh:h]f)mi(gf)ne,(fg) (,) (d!ff/ge'/fgd'/e[ll:1]ddc.) (;) mi(f)se(fdf)ré(fdf/efd'/ec)re(d.) me(fg)i :(ghg___//jjh/jggf.0) (:) sa(f)na(g) á(h)ni(gf)mam(gf//gh!jjvH'G) me(hg/hff'gf)am,(fg) (,) (d!ff/ge'/fgd'/e[ll:1]ddc.) (:) quó(f)ni(fd)am(f) pec(ghg)cá(h)vi(ixhgiHG.) (`) ti(gf/hgh)bi.(hf) (,) (gh!jvvH'G//h!iwj/kjj/hih.) (;) (fg/h!jj/klijh.ixgiHF.1) (z0::c3) v/. Be(d)á(df!hh/ijh)tus(h.) (,) qui(h_g) in(i!jwk)tél(i_[oh:h]h)li(h)git(hvv//i_[oh:h]h//jvIH'Ghf..) (;) su(hh)per(h) e(h)gé(ih/ij_h ih/ij_ij//hi/jij)num(jh/jkihhf.) (,) et(f) páu(hf/hhh)pe(h)rem :(h.f!gwh!iv.hi/jhh/iih.0) (:) in(hh) di(h)e(hi) ma(ivH'GE//fhGEfh..)(,)(gi!jvHF)la(fhF'Efhhf//hvvGF'hee[ll:1]d.0) (:) li(d)be(ef)rá(f)bit(f) e(f.0/[-0.5]hvGF'g)um(ef) *() Dó(hf)mi(hi)nus.(i_[uh:l]jH'Ghi..) (,) (ef'hh'jIH'GF'gwhf.1) (::)
r. Ego dixi: Dómine, miserére mei: sana ánimam meam, quia peccávi tibi. v. Beátus qui intélligit super egénum et páuperem: in die mala liberábit eum Dóminus.
Allelúia
Hallelujah
Iac. 1, 12
James 1:12
annotation: 1;
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(c4) AL(df)le(e/ghfgvFE'D)lú(gh){ia}.(gh..) *(;) (gihgiHG'gd//efED'/!dc/e/ggh.) (,) (gihgiHG'gd//efED'/!dc/de/fee[ll:1]d.0) v/.(::) Be(c!e'g)á(ghGE'fvED.cd/fde)tus(efvfe) vir,(e.) (;) qui(e_[oh:h]c) suf(eg/fhggvFE)fert(e.) (,) ten(g.h!iwjjvIH)ta(g!igh)ti(ghe)ó(fv.efd)nem :(e[ll:1]d..) (:) quó(e_[uh:l]g!hi)ni(h)am(h) cum(h) pro(h)bá(h)tus(hg) fú(hj)e(ghggvFE'f)rit,(fe..) (;) ac(ec)cí(eg)pi(fhggvFE)et(e.) (,) co(cd'e)ró(e_0[uh:l]fvE'Cd_e)nam(e.) *() vi(e/ghfgvFE'Dgh)tae.(gh..) (;) (gihgiHG'gd//efED'/!dcevggh.) (,) (gihgiHG'gd//efED'/!dc/de/fee[ll:1]d.0) (::)
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(c4) AL(df)le(e/ghfgvFE'D)lú(gh){ia}.(gh..) *(;) (gihgiHG'gd//efED'/!dc/e/ggh.) (,) (gihgiHG'gd//efED'/!dc/de/fee[ll:1]d.0) v/.(::) Be(c!e'g)á(ghGE'fvED.cd/fde)tus(efvfe) vir,(e.) (;) qui(e_[oh:h]c) suf(eg/fhggvFE)fert(e.) (,) ten(g.h!iwjjvIH)ta(g!igh)ti(ghe)ó(fv.efd)nem :(e[ll:1]d..) (:) quó(e_[uh:l]g!hi)ni(h)am(h) cum(h) pro(h)bá(h)tus(hg) fú(hj)e(ghggvFE'f)rit,(fe..) (;) ac(ec)cí(eg)pi(fhggvFE)et(e.) (,) co(cd'e)ró(e_0[uh:l]fvE'Cd_e)nam(e.) *() vi(e/ghfgvFE'Dgh)tae.(gh..) (;) (gihgiHG'gd//efED'/!dcevggh.) (,) (gihgiHG'gd//efED'/!dc/de/fee[ll:1]d.0) (::)
r. Allelúia. v. Beátus vir, qui suffert tentatiónem: quóniam cum probátus fúerit, accípiet corónam vitæ.
r. Alleluia v. Blessed is the man who patiently endures trial, for when he has been tested, he will receive the crown of life.
Evangelium
v. Dóminus vobíscum. r. Et cum spíritu tuo.
v. The Lord be with you. r. And with your spirit.
Léctio sancti Evangélii secúndum Matthǽum (9,35-38)
r. Glória tibi Dómine.
r. Glory be to Thee, O Lord..
In illo tempore: Circumíbat Iésus civitátes omnes et castélla, docens in synagógis eórum et prǽdicans evangélium regni et curans omnem languórem et omnem infirmitátem. Videns autem turbas, misértus est eis, quia erant vexáti et iacéntes sicut oves non habéntes pastórem. Tunc dicit discípulis suis: “Méssis quidem multa, operárii autem pauci; rogáte ergo Dóminum messis, ut mittat operários in messem suam.”
Verbum Dómini. r. Laus tibi, Christe.
Word of the Lord. r. Praise be to Thee, O Christ.
Vel, de tempore:
Or, time:
Evangelium
Léctio sancti Evangélii secundum Ioánnem (21,20-25)
In illo tempore: Convérsus Petrus videt illum discípulum, quem diligébat Iésus, sequéntem, qui et recúbuit in cena super pectus eíus et dixit: “Dómine, quis est qui tradit te?”Hunc ergo cum vidísset Petrus, dicit Iésu: “Dómine, hic autem quid?” Dicit ei Iésus: “Si eum volo manére donec véniam, quid ad te? Tu me séquere.” Exívit ergo sermo iste in fratres, quia discípulus ille non móritur. Non autem dixit ei Iésus: “Non móritur”, sed: “Si eum volo manére donec véniam, quid ad te?” Hic est discípulus, qui testimónium pérhibet de his et scripsit hæc; et scimus quia verum est testimónium eíus. Sunt autem et ália multa, quæ fecit Iésus; quæ, si scribántur per síngula, nec ipsum árbitror mundum cápere eos, qui scribéndi sunt, libros.
Verbum Dómini. r. Laus tibi, Christe.
Word of the Lord. r. Praise be to Thee, O Christ.
Offertorium
Ps. 118, 133
"(c4) GRES(f)sus(fg) me(g)os(g.) *(,) dí(ghg)ri(gef)ge(d!ff) Dó(ixfh!ivHG)mi(ghg___)ne(g.) (;) se(j)cún(jjjvHG'gf/gh!jjjgivHG'gf!gwh!iv_[oh:h]H~G~)dum(hg..) (,) e(f)ló(fg!hvhg)qui(g.h!iwji)um(ih~) tu(jkj)um :(hihhg.) (:) ut(fg'h~) non(g!jj//jjj) do(h)mi(hg)né(h)tur(ge/fg!hvhg.) (;) o(ge~)mnis(fgffgD'Cd.) in(c)iu(d)stí(dg)ti(gf)a,(g.jvvIH'iw!jvIH) (,) Dó(hg)mi(gh/jhi)ne.(hg..) (::)"
Gressus meos dírige secúndum elóquium tuum: ut non dominétur mei omnis iniustítia, Dómine.
Super oblata
Stans postea in medio altaris, versus ad populum, extendens et iungens manus, dicit:
After this, standing in the center of the altar, facing the people, extending and then joining his hands, he said:
Oráte, fratres, ut meum ac vestrum sacrifícium acceptábile fiat apud Deum Patrem omnipoténtem.
Pray, brethren, that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father.
Populus surgit et respondet:
The people rise and reply:
Suscípiat Dóminus sacrifícium de mánibus tuis ad laudem et glóriam nóminis sui, ad utilitátem quoque nostram totiúsque Ecclésiæ suæ sanctæ.
May the Lord accept the sacrifice at your hands for the praise and glory of his name, for our good and the good of all his holy Church.
Maiestátem tuam supplíciter implorámus, omnípotens Deus, ut, sicut glóriam divínæ poténtiæ múnera pro beáto N. obláta testántur, sic nobis efféctum tuæ salvatiónis impéndant. Per Christum.
v. Dóminus vobíscum. r. Et cum spíritu tuo.
v. The Lord be with you. r. And with your spirit.
v. Sursum corda. r. Habémus ad Dóminum.
v. Lift up your hearts. r. We lift them up to the Lord.
v. Grátias agámus Dómino Deo nostro. r. Dignum et iustum est.
v. Let us give thanks to the Lord our God. r. It is right and just.
PRÆFATIO DE SANCTIS PASTORIBUS
De præsentia sanctorum Pastorum in Ecclesia
Vere dignum et iustum est, æquum et salutáre, nos tibi semper et ubíque grátias ágere: Dómine, sancte Pater, omnípotens ætérne Deus: per Christum Dóminum nostrum.
Quia sic tríbuis Ecclésiam tuam sancti N. festivitáte gaudére, ut eam exémplo piæ conversatiónis corróbores, verbo prædicatiónis erúdias, gratáque tibi supplicatióne tueáris.
Et ídeo, cum Angelórum atque Sanctórum turba, hymnum laudis tibi cánimus, sine fine dicéntes:
Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dóminus Deus Sábaoth...
XII
annotation: 2;
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(f3) SAN(fhGF'Ef)ctus,(f.) *(,) San(kxfh!jjk)ctus,(j.) (,) San(jh/i_[oh:h]fhvGF'Ef)ctus(f.) (;) Dó(c)mi(ef)nus(f) De(hg)us(f') Sá(e)ba(ef)oth.(f.) (:) Ple(f)ni(hj) sunt(j.) cae(j)li(i') et(g) ter(hg)ra(f.) (,) gló(e)ri(gf)a(ghg) tu(f.)a.(f.) (:) Ho(c)sán(ef~)na(f.) in(j) ex(ih)cél(i_[oh:h]fhvGF'Ef)sis.(f.) (:) Be(f)ne(hj)dí(j)ctus(i') qui(g) ve(hg)nit(f.) (,) in(e) nó(gf)mi(g)ne(hg) Dó(f)mi(ef)ni.(f.) (:) Ho(c)sán(ef~)na(f.) in(j) ex(ih)cél(i_[oh:h]fhvGF'Ef)sis.(f.) (::)
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(f3) SAN(fhGF'Ef)ctus,(f.) *(,) San(kxfh!jjk)ctus,(j.) (,) San(jh/i_[oh:h]fhvGF'Ef)ctus(f.) (;) Dó(c)mi(ef)nus(f) De(hg)us(f') Sá(e)ba(ef)oth.(f.) (:) Ple(f)ni(hj) sunt(j.) cae(j)li(i') et(g) ter(hg)ra(f.) (,) gló(e)ri(gf)a(ghg) tu(f.)a.(f.) (:) Ho(c)sán(ef~)na(f.) in(j) ex(ih)cél(i_[oh:h]fhvGF'Ef)sis.(f.) (:) Be(f)ne(hj)dí(j)ctus(i') qui(g) ve(hg)nit(f.) (,) in(e) nó(gf)mi(g)ne(hg) Dó(f)mi(ef)ni.(f.) (:) Ho(c)sán(ef~)na(f.) in(j) ex(ih)cél(i_[oh:h]fhvGF'Ef)sis.(f.) (::)
XII
XI. s.
annotation: 2;
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(f3) A(ce)gnus(fh) De(ghG'F)i,(f.) *(,) qui(g) tol(ihi)lis(hg) pec(fj)cá(jji)ta(hg) mun(fg~)di :(g.) (;) mi(g)se(gfh)ré(hg)re(ef) no(f.)bis.(f.) (::)
A(c')gnus(e) De(fe)i,(f.) *(,) qui(f) tol(fg)lis(f) pec(fe)cá(eg)ta(g) mun(ff)di :(e.) (;) mi(f)se(fe)ré(fg)re(g) no(f.)bis.(f.) (::)
A(ce)gnus(fh) De(ghG'F)i,(f.) *(,) qui(g) tol(ihi)lis(hg) pec(fj)cá(jji)ta(hg) mun(fg~)di :(g.) (;) do(g)na(gfh) no(hg)bis(ef) pa(f.)cem.(f.) (::)
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(f3) A(ce)gnus(fh) De(ghG'F)i,(f.) *(,) qui(g) tol(ihi)lis(hg) pec(fj)cá(jji)ta(hg) mun(fg~)di :(g.) (;) mi(g)se(gfh)ré(hg)re(ef) no(f.)bis.(f.) (::)
A(c')gnus(e) De(fe)i,(f.) *(,) qui(f) tol(fg)lis(f) pec(fe)cá(eg)ta(g) mun(ff)di :(e.) (;) mi(f)se(fe)ré(fg)re(g) no(f.)bis.(f.) (::)
A(ce)gnus(fh) De(ghG'F)i,(f.) *(,) qui(g) tol(ihi)lis(hg) pec(fj)cá(jji)ta(hg) mun(fg~)di :(g.) (;) do(g)na(gfh) no(hg)bis(ef) pa(f.)cem.(f.) (::)
Communio
Communion
Ps. 118, 121, 122 et 128
annotation: 4;
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(c4) FE(g)ci(f) iu(e)dí(ghgh)ci(fg)um(g_[oh:h]e_[oh:h]) *(,) et(gef) iu(e[ll:1]d)stí(f)ti(f)am,(ef!hvGFghg') Dó(e)mi(egff)ne,(fe..) (:) non(h) ca(h)lu(h)mni(gf)én(gh)tur(h') mi(h)hi(g') su(f)pér(gh)bi :(g.) (;) ad(e) ó(gef)mni(dc)a(c) man(e)dá(gfg)ta(fgF'D) tu(f!gwhgh)a(h_g) (,) di(gef)ri(e[ll:1]d)gé(fgef)bar,(e[ll:1]d..) (:) o(dh)mnem(h) vi(ixhih)am(g) in(g)i(ghg)qui(f)tá(fgf)tis(f.) (,) ó(eef)di(dc)o(d!ewf) há(e)bu(egff)i.(fe..) (::) <i>T. P.</i> Al(f)le(d./[-0.5]ghG'Fghg)lú(egff){ia}.(fe..) (::)
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(c4) FE(g)ci(f) iu(e)dí(ghgh)ci(fg)um(g_[oh:h]e_[oh:h]) *(,) et(gef) iu(e[ll:1]d)stí(f)ti(f)am,(ef!hvGFghg') Dó(e)mi(egff)ne,(fe..) (:) non(h) ca(h)lu(h)mni(gf)én(gh)tur(h') mi(h)hi(g') su(f)pér(gh)bi :(g.) (;) ad(e) ó(gef)mni(dc)a(c) man(e)dá(gfg)ta(fgF'D) tu(f!gwhgh)a(h_g) (,) di(gef)ri(e[ll:1]d)gé(fgef)bar,(e[ll:1]d..) (:) o(dh)mnem(h) vi(ixhih)am(g) in(g)i(ghg)qui(f)tá(fgf)tis(f.) (,) ó(eef)di(dc)o(d!ewf) há(e)bu(egff)i.(fe..) (::) <i>T. P.</i> Al(f)le(d./[-0.5]ghG'Fghg)lú(egff){ia}.(fe..) (::)
Feci iudícium et iustítiam, Dómine, non calumniéntur mihi supérbi: ad ómnia mandáta tua dirigébar, omnem viam iniquitátis ódio hábui. (T. P. Allelúia.)
I have done justice and righteousness, O Lord; let the proud cease to slander me. I have done Thy commandments; I have hated every unrighteous way. (T.P. Alleluia.)
Post communionem
Vel:
Or:
Refectióne sacra enutrítos, fac nos, omnípotens Deus, exémpla beáti N. iúgiter sequéntes, te pérpeti devotióne cólere, et indeféssa ómnibus caritáte profícere. Per Christum.
Ad Missam lectam:
Ant. ad introitum
Ant. ad entrance
Cf. Lc 4, 18
Spíritus Dómini super me: propter quod unxit me, evangelizáre paupéribus misit me, sanáre contrítos corde (T.P. allelúia).
Vel:
Or:
Cf. Sir 45, 20
Elégit eum Dóminus sacerdótem sibi, ad sacrificándum ei hóstiam laudis (T.P. allelúia).
Alleluia
Hallelujah
Mt 23, 9b. 10b
r. Allelúia. v. Unus est Pater vester, cæléstis; et magíster vester unus est, Christus.
Ant. ad communionem
Ant. at communion
Mt 28, 20
Behold, I am with thee evermore, unto the end of time (T.P. Alleluia).
The translations proposed here have the sole purpose of a better understanding of the Latin text. They are not to be used in place of the official translations in the liturgy in the vernacular.
